As Latine Heritage Month unfolds, it’s crucial to spotlight the contributions of Afro-Latine figures who have shaped history and culture. Among them is Arturo Alfonso Schomburg, a Puerto Rican historian whose work remains vital to preserving Black history in the U.S. His legacy lives on through the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture in Harlem, a landmark institution named in his honor that is a tribute to his tireless efforts to document and celebrate the African diaspora.
Early life and influences
Schomburg’s multicultural background shaped his worldview. He was born in 1874 in Puerto Rico to a father of German descent and an Afro-Caribbean mother from the Danish West Indies. He spent his formative years in both the Danish Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico, where he developed a keen interest in history and culture. At the age of 17, Schomburg immigrated to New York, where he became an active supporter of Puerto Rican and Cuban independence movements, co-founding the political club Las Dos Antillas.
Schomburg’s passion for Black history was ignited by the racism he faced during his childhood. A pivotal moment occurred when a teacher in San Juan dismissed the significance of Black culture, claiming it lacked notable figures or history. This experience motivated Schomburg to delve deeper into the African diaspora’s rich heritage.
The Harlem Renaissance and advocacy for Black history
Schomburg emerged as a prominent figure during the Harlem Renaissance, a cultural movement that celebrated African American art, literature and identity. His commitment to preserving Black history was evident in his writings, including the influential essay, “The Negro Digs Up His Past.”
“History must restore what slavery took away, for it is the social damage of slavery that the present generations must repair and offset,” he famously stated in the writing.
Schomburg’s belief that the African American community must reclaim its past to forge a brighter future resonates strongly today, especially in light of contemporary efforts to erase Black history from educational curricula.
The birth of the Schomburg Center
In 1925, Schomburg’s vision came to fruition with the establishment of the Division of Negro Literature, History and Prints, which later evolved into the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. Initially part of the 135th Street Branch Library, the center gained international recognition after incorporating Schomburg’s personal collection of artifacts, books and manuscripts.
By 1926, the New York Public Library acquired Schomburg’s extensive collection with funding from the Carnegie Foundation. Today, the Schomburg Center houses over 10 million artifacts, making it a leading national research library in African American and African Diasporic studies. The center not only preserves historical materials but also hosts programs and events that celebrate the richness of Black culture worldwide.
Continuing Schomburg’s legacy
As we reflect on Arturo Schomburg’s contributions, it is crucial to recognize the ongoing relevance of his work. The Schomburg Center continues to serve as a vital resource for researchers, educators and community members seeking to explore the complexities of Black history and culture. In an era where misinformation and historical erasure are prevalent, Schomburg’s legacy serves as a reminder of the importance of preserving our narratives.
